Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) – A Review

Abstract

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely applied in medical, industrial, and geophysical fields. This review explores the fundamental principles, construction, and applications of EIT, emphasizing its role in medical diagnostics. EIT operates by measuring impedance variations using electrodes, enabling real-time imaging of physiological processes such as lung ventilation, cardiac function, and blood flow. Its advantages include portability, low cost, and the absence of ionizing radiation, making it suitable for continuous monitoring. However, challenges such as low spatial resolution and complex image reconstruction persist. Advances in algorithms, electrode designs, and nanoparticle-enhanced methods have improved image quality and diagnostic accuracy. EIT's applications extend to detecting early-stage cancer, monitoring pulmonary and intracranial conditions, and fetal health assessment. Despite limitations, EIT's adaptability and safety position it as a promising tool for diverse medical and industrial applications